I'm no expert but from what I've read about bears is their mating cycle is in the 2-3 year range. Females don't go into heat until their cubs are gone (hence why a boar is a present danger to cubs as they will kill cubs to force the female into estrous). The reason for that is because it takes a couple of years for cubs to be mature enough to go out on their own.I have a tag. It's the 1st time I ever felt the desire to have one. Neighbor told me that one of the guys he lets hunt had a cub climb the tree right beside him last week.
Which begs the question...do I shoot a sow with cubs (young cubs)? I'm thinking that I would not. I hope I don't have to make that decision. Not because it's a hard decision, but because I'd rather we didn't have the things running around the neighborhood.
Compare that cycle to that of a deer like we're used to which is on a yearly mating cycle. By the time the rut rolls around fawns are basically old enough to fend for themselves and get run off by mama. Its no big deal to harvest a doe with fawns because their chance for survival is relatively high at this point in the year.
This distinction is important because if you kill a sow with cubs you are killing two generations of bears and setting back the local population by 6 years (give or take). I know in Colorado (and a few other states) you cannot harvest a sow with cubs. Again I am no expert, this is all book knowledge not first hand experience.