I think you and @John RB are saying the same thing but, talking past each other. Technically, a loop is not 1.5 times stronger, it's just that each leg sees 1/2 the load. The cord itself with whatever knot was tied still has the same break strength but, because it's in a loop configurations each leg of the loop has less force applied to it so it breaks at a much higher total force.
You are looking at the total force on the loop and John is looking at the force on each leg. Unless I am misunderstanding John, the examples you provide agree with what he is saying with the exception that he is using a very conservative 50% strength reduction from the knot.
For instance in this example:
You are saying the loop breaks at 16Kn, John is saying the loop breaks when one leg sees 8kN (or 16kN total) and that the side that will break is the side with the knot because it is the knot that reduces the cords break strength from 9.8kN to 8kN.
Exactly what my thoughts were and why I posed the example I did. I was hearing one say trash and the other say garbage.
At the end of the day the strength potential of the system is going to be first determined by the reduction in strength based on the method chosen to connect the ends, hunters bend, fishermans knot, redneck adjoinment, etc.